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r1232d series pwm/vfm step-down dc/dc conver ter with synchronous rectifier no.ea-129-0604 1 outline the r1232d series are cmos-based pwm step-down dc /dc converters with synchronous rectifier, low supply current. as an output capacitor, a 10 f or more ceramic capacitor can be used with the r1232d. each of these ics consists of an oscillator, a pwm cont rol circuit, a voltage reference unit, an error amplifier, a soft-start circuit, protection circuits, a protection against miss operation under low voltage (uvlo), pwm/vfm alternative circuit, a chip enable circuit, a synchronous rect ifier, nch. driver transistor, and so on. a low ripple, high efficiency step-down dc/dc converter can be easily comp osed of this ic with only a few kinds of external components, or an inductor and capacitors. (as for r1232d0 01x type, divider resistors are also necessary.) in terms of output voltage, it is fixed internally in t he r1232dxx1x types. while in the r1232d001x types, output voltage is adjustable with external divider resistors. pwm/vfm alternative circuit is active with mode pin of the r1232d series. thus, when the load current is small, the operation can be switching into the vfm oper ation from pwm operation by the logic of mode pin and the efficiency at small load current can be improved. as pr otection circuits, current lim it circuit which limits peak current of l x at each clock cycle, and latch type protection circui t which works if the term of the over-current condition keeps on a certain time in pwm mode exist. latch-type protection circuit works to latch an internal driver with keeping it disable. to releas e the condition of protection, after disable this ic with a chip enable circuit, enable it again, or restart this ic with power-on or ma ke the supply voltage at uvlo detector threshold level or lower than uvlo. features ? two choices of oscillator frequency ............................ 1mhz, 2.25mhz (small inductors can be used. 4.7 h for 1mhz/2.2 h for 2.25mhz) ? built-in driver on resi stance ....................................... p-channel 0.2 ? (at v in = 5.0v) ? built-in soft-start func tion............................................. typ. 1.0ms (fosc = 1mhz type) ? output voltage .............................................................. 0.9v to 3.3v (xx1x type) 0.8v to v in (001x type) ? high accuracy ou tput voltage ...................................... 2.0% (pwm mode) ? built-in current limit circuit .......................................... typ. 1.4a ? package ........................................................................ son-8 (t = 0.9mm) applications ? power source for portable equipment such as cellular, pda, dsc, notebook pc. ? power source for hdd
r1232d 2 block diagrams r1232dxx1a/b 2 v in l x pgnd v out ce output contorol 3 current limit 1 qr s oscillator pwm/vfm control mode ?l? pwm ? h? vfm 6 slope compensation phase compensation 5 soft start uvlo 4 ?h? active v dd 7 a gnd error a mplife r pwm comparator 8 vref chip enable r1232d001c/d 2 v in l x pgnd v fb ce output contorol 3 current limit 1 qr s oscillator pwm/vfm control mode ?l? pwm ? h? vfm 6 slope compensation phase compensation 5 soft start uvlo chip enable 4 ?h? active v dd 7 a gnd error a mplife r pwm comparator 8 vref r1232d 3 selection guide in the r1232d series, the output voltage, the osc illator frequency, and the taping type for the ics can be selected at the user's request. the selection can be made with designating the part number as shown below; r1232dxx 1x-xx part number a b c d code contents a setting output voltage(v out ): stepwise setting with a step of 0.1v in the range of 0.9v to 3.3v is possible for fixed output version."00" is for output voltage adjustable version (0.8v as the feedback voltage.) b 1 : fixed c designation of optional function a : 1mhz, fixed output voltage b : 2.25mhz, fixed output voltage c : 1mhz, adjustable output voltage d : 2.25mhz, adjustable output voltage d designation of taping type; (refer to taping specification)"tr" is prescribed as a standard. r1232d 4 pin configuration son-8 top view bottom view 85 1 7 2 6 34 58 4 6 3 7 21 pin descriptions pin no symbol pin description 1 pgnd ground pin 2 v in voltage supply pin 3 v dd voltage supply pin 4 ce chip enable pin (active with "h") 5 v out /v fb output/feedback pin 6 mode mode changer pin (pwm mode at "l", vfm mode at "h".) 7 agnd ground pin 8 l x l x switching pin (cmos output) ? tab in the parts have gnd level. (they are connected to the reverse side of this ic.) do not connect to other wires or land patterns. absolute maximum ratings symbol item rating unit v in v in supply voltage 6.5 v v dd v dd pin voltage 6.5 v v lx l x pin voltage ? 0.3 to v in + 0.3 v v ce ce pin input voltage ? 0.3 to v in + 0.3 v v mode mode pin input voltage ? 0.3 to v in + 0.3 v v fb v fb pin input voltage ? 0.3 to v in + 0.3 v i lx l x pin output current 1.5 v p d power dissipation (son-8)* 1 480 mw topt operating temperature range ? 40 to 85 c tstg storage temperature range ? 55 to 125 c ? 1) for power dissipation please refer to package information to be described. r1232d 5 electrical characteristics ? r1232dxxxa/c topt = 25 c symbol item conditions min. typ. max. unit v in operating input voltage 2.6 5.5 v step-down output voltage (pwm mode) r1232dxx1a, mode = ?l? 0.980 1.020 v v out step-down output voltage (vfm mode) r1232dxx1a, mode = ?h? ? 1 0.975 1.025 v v fb1 feedback voltage1 (pwm mode) r1232d001c, mode = ?l? 0.784 0.800 0.816 v v fb2 feedback voltage2 (vfm mode) r1232d001c, mode = ?h? ? ? 1 0.780 0.800 0.820 v ? v out / ? topt step-down output voltage temperature coefficient ? 40c < = < = 150 ppm/ c fosc oscillator frequency (a/c) 1mhz type v in = 5.0v 0.75 1.00 1.25 mhz i dd1 supply current1 (a/c) pwm mode ? 2 , v fb = ?h? 70 140 190 a i dd2 supply current2 (a/c) vfm mode ? 3 , v fb = ?h? ? 1 10 45 80 a istandby standby current v ce = 0v,mode = ?l? 0.0 5.0 a i lxleak l x leakage current v in = 5.5v, v ce = 0v, v lx = 0v/5.5v ? 5.0 0.0 5.0 a r onp on resistance of pch transistor v in = 5.0v, i lx = 200ma 0.20 0.35 ? r onn on resistance of nch transistor v in = 5.0v, i lx = 200ma 0.20 0.35 ? maxduty oscillator maximum duty cycle v mode = 0v 100 % ton vfm on duty v in = 5.0v, vfm mode 40 65 90 % tstart soft-start time (a/c) v in = 5.0v 0.5 1.0 1.4 ms tprot protection delay time v in = 5.0v 0.1 2.0 10.0 ms i lx limit lx current limit v in = 5.0v 1.0 1.4 a v uvlo1 uvlo detector threshold 2.10 2.25 2.40 v v uvlo2 uvlo released voltage 2.20 v uvlo1 + 0.10 2.50 v i ce ce input current v in = 5.5v, v dd = 5.5v ? 0.1 0.0 0.1 a i vfb vfb input current v in = 5.5v, v dd = 5.5v ? 0.1 0.0 0.1 a i mode mode input current v in = 5.5v, v dd = 5.5v ? 0.1 0.0 0.1 a v ceh ce "h" input voltage v in = v dd = 5.5v 1.5 v v cel ce "l" input voltage v in = v dd = 3.0v 0.3 v v modeh mode "h" input voltage v in = v dd = 5.5v 1.5 v v model mode "l" input voltage v in = v dd = 3.0v 0.3 v ? 1 at vfm mode, synchronous rectifier nch driver is always off, therefore, an external shottky diode is necessary. ? 2 v fb = gnd ? 3 v fb >v in / internal oscillator is halted. r1232d 6 ? r1232dxxxb/d topt = 25 c symbol item conditions min. typ. max. unit v in operating input voltage 2.6 5.5 v step-down output voltage (pwm mode) r1232dxx1b, mode = ?l? 0.980 1.020 v v out step-down output voltage (vfm mode) r1232dxx1b, mode = ?h? ? 1 0.975 1.025 v v fb1 feedback voltage1 (pwm mode) r1232d001d, mode = ?l? 0.784 0.800 0.816 v v fb2 feedback voltage2 (vfm mode) r1232d001d, mode = ?h? ? 1 0.780 0.800 0.820 v ? v out / ? topt step-down output voltage temperature coefficient ? 40c < = < = 150 ppm/ c fosc oscillator frequency (b/d) 2.25mhz type v in = 5.0v 1.91 2.25 2.58 mhz i dd1 supply current1 (b/d) pwm mode ? 2 , v fb = ?h? 170 240 310 a i dd2 supply current2 (b/d) vfm mode ? 3 , v fb = ?h? ? 1 30 95 160 a istandby standby current v ce = 0v,mode = ?l? 0.0 5.0 a i lxleak l x leakage current v in = 5.5v, v ce = 0v, vl x = 0v/5.5v ? 5.0 0.0 5.0 a r onp on resistance of pch transistor v in = 5.0v, i lx = 200ma 0.20 0.35 ? r onn on resistance of nch transistor v in = 5.0v, i lx = 200ma 0.20 0.35 ? maxduty oscillator maximum duty cycle v mode = 0v 100 % ton vfm on duty v in = 5.0v, vfm mode 40 65 90 % tstart soft-start time (b/d) v in = 5.0v 0.15 0.4 0.7 ms tprot protection delay time v in = 5.0v 0.1 2.0 10.0 ms i lx limit l x current limit v in = 5.0v 1.0 1.4 a v uvlo1 uvlo detector threshold 2.10 2.25 2.40 v v uvlo2 uvlo released voltage 2.20 v uvlo1 + 0.10 2.50 v i ce ce input current v in = 5.5v, v dd = 5.5v ? 0.1 0.0 0.1 a i vfb vfb input current v in = 5.5v, v dd = 5.5v ? 0.1 0.0 0.1 a i mode mode input current v in = 5.5v, v dd = 5.5v ? 0.1 0.0 0.1 a v ceh ce "h" input voltage v in = v dd = 5.5v 1.5 v v cel ce "l" input voltage v in = v dd = 3.0v 0.3 v v modeh mode "h" input voltage v in = v dd = 5.5v 1.5 v v model mode "l" input voltage v in = v dd = 3.0v 0.3 v ? 1 at vfm mode, synchronous rectifie r nch driver is always off, theref ore, an external shottky diode is necessary. ? 2 v fb = gnd ? 3 v fb >v in / internal oscillator is halted. r1232d 7 test circuit pgnd v in v dd ce v fb mode agnd l x a test circuit for input current and leakage current pgnd v in v dd ce v fb mode agnd l x a pgnd v in v dd ce v fb mode agnd l x v test circuit for supply current and standby current test circuit for on resistance of l x pgnd v in v dd ce v fb mode agnd l x oscilloscope input voltage, output voltage, frequency, lx current limit, protection delay time, uvlo voltage test circuit r1232d 8 pgnd v in v dd ce v fb mode agnd l x oscilloscope soft start time test circuit the bypass capacitor between power supply and gnd is a ceramic capacitor 10 f. typical application and technical notes ? fixed output voltage type pgnd v in v dd ce v fb mode agnd l x l v out diode c in c out load ? adjustable output type pgnd v in v dd ce v fb mode agnd l x l v out diode c in c out cb r1 r2 load c in 10 f c2012jb0j106mt (tdk), 10 f cm21b106m06ab (kyocera) c out 10 f c2012jb0j106mt (tdk), 10 f cm21b106m06ab (kyocera) l 4.7 h/2.2 h vlp5610-4r7mr90, vlp5610-2r7m1r0 (tdk) sd rb491d (rohm), ma721 (panasonic) at vfm mode used with an external diode in between l x and gnd. as for pwm mode, an external diode is not necessary. in terms of setting r1, r2, cb, refer to the technical notes. r1232d 9 when you use these ics, consider the following issues; ? input the same voltage into power supply pins, v in and v dd . set the same level as agnd and pgnd. ? when you control the ce pin and mode pin by another power supply, do not make its "h" level more than the voltage level of v in / v dd pin. ? set external components such as an inductor, c in , c out as close as possible to the ic, in particular, minimize the wiring to v in pin and pgnd pin. ? at stand by mode, (ce = "l"), the lx output is hi-z, or both p-cha nnel transistor and n-channel transistor of l x pin turn off. ? in terms of vfm mode, the synchronou s rectifier nch driver is always off, therefore, if the vfm mode is necessary, add an external shottky diode. ? in terms of the protection circuits, current limit for the peak current of each cycle of lx, and the latch protection circuit, which works if the over-limit current flows continuously for a certain time exist. to release the protection, once make this ic into be standby mode wi th chip enable pin, or make the supply voltage be down to uvlo threshold level or less. ? at vfm mode, (mode = "h"), latch protection circuit does not operate. ? if the mode is switched over into pwm mode from vfm mode during the operation, change the mode at light load current. if the load current us large, output voltage may decline. ? reinforce the v in , pgnd, and v out lines sufficiently. large switching cu rrent may flow in these lines. if the impedance of v in and pgnd lines is too large, the internal volt age level in this ic may shift caused by the switching current, and the operation might be unstable. the performance of power source circuits using these ics extremely depends upon the peripheral circuits. pay attention in the selection of the peripheral circuits. in particular, design the peripheral circuits in a way that the values such as voltage, current, and power of eac h component, pcb patterns and the ic do not exceed their respected rated values. r1232d 10 operation of step-down dc/dc converter and output current the step-down dc/dc converter charges energy in the inductor when l x transistor is on, and discharges the energy from the inductor when l x transistor is off and controls with less energy loss, so that a lower output voltage than the input voltage is obtained. the operation will be explained with reference to the following diagrams: r1232d 11 ? discontinuous conduction mode and continuous conduction mode the maximum value (ilmax) and the minimum value (ilmin) of the current flowing through the inductor are the same as those when p-channel tr. turns on and off. the difference between ilmax and ilmin, which is represented by ? i; ? i = ilmax ? ilmin = v out topen/l = (v in ? v out ) ton/l ........................................................ e quation 1 where, t = 1/fosc = ton + toff duty (%) = ton/t 100 = ton fosc 100 topen < = toff in equation 1, v out topen/l and (v in ? v out ) ton/l are respectively shown t he change of the current at on, and the change of the current at off. when the output current (i out ) is relatively small, topen < toff as illu strated in the above diagram. in this case, the energy is charged in the inductor during the time peri od of ton and is discharged in its entirely during the time period of toff, therefore ilmin becomes to zero (ilmin = 0). when i out is gradually increased, eventually, topen becomes to toff (topen = toff), and when i out is further increased, ilmin becomes larger than zero (ilmin>0). the former mode is referred to as the discontinuous mode and the latter mode is referred to as continuous mode. in the continuous mode, when equation 1 is solv ed for ton and assumed that the solution is tonc tonc = t v out /v in ............................................................................................................. equat ion 2 when ton |